
In September 1666 the Great Fire of London, which started in a bakery, destroyed the houses of 70,000 of London’s 80,000 inhabitants. The fire was contained only when the wind dropped, and a crude fire break was formed by destroying buildings using gunpowder.
Man has managed to contain fire for domestic and industrial use, but recent events underline its dangers when out of control.
The immediate costs of the Victorian bush fires are difficult to calculate. The longer term human costs are equally difficult to calculate, but merit some thought.
Psychological problems following such traumatic events are well documented. Professor Beverley Raphael carefully followed those affected by the Granville train disaster. Professor Alexander McFarlane has studied the psychological effects of the Ash Wednesday bush fires.
Immediate responses centre on physical requirements for food, water, shelter and emergency medical care. A media frenzy often surrounds this phase.
Emotional responses range from the horror of witnessing first hand the devastation and threat posed by fire, to feelings of loss associated with the death of loved ones and the destruction of ones home. Emotional “numbing” often occurs. It is as if one is going through the motions of life without actually being a part of it.
As time passes the traumatic events will be remembered (either consciously or in dreams) with the same intensity of emotion that occurred during the actual event. People feel understandably “on alert” to possible further dangers (to self and to loved ones). Sleep is often disturbed by nightmares.
Most people involved with fires (firefighters and emergency services included) will experience the immediate emotional impact described above. Over the next year about half of these will lose most of their symptoms, but half will continue to have them. They will persist for years if not treated by someone with experience in this area. This psychological condition is called Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). It is often complicated by depression and alcohol abuse, as people attempt to self treat their symptoms.
Those suffering PTSD should be aware that if something else of a life threatening nature occurs, even if they are symptom free, their chances of developing PTSD again are increased.
Burns are dreadful injuries which often require long term treatment, with multiple surgical procedures. Hospitalisation in specialist centres often causes further disruption to the family, especially where a child is injured.
Those left behind after the Victorian fires will need to rebuild their lives, both physically and emotionally.
There are no quick fixes. This is all occurring in the midst of appalling personal losses. Adaptation to these is a process which, although taking time, in most cases is successful.